german missionaries in south africa

[1] He passed away in Stutterheim on 10 December 1910 (Aged almost 88). The Society supported work in South Africa, China and East Africa. … Kratzenstein was based at Bethel (now Stutterheim) at some stage. [7], The BMS also sent workers to China in 1869 during the late Qing Dynasty, but it was not before 1882 that the Society officially declared Canton as its mission field, inheriting a station of the Rhenish Mission. Germany lost its colonies in the war, and the newly commenced German East Africa mission was terminated. [7], The Tswana Catechist Richard Miles was an early example of an indigenous person fulfilling this role at the Mission Station at Bethanie in the Southern Free State. Later the BMS in China merged with the German East Asia Mission (German: Deutsche Ostasienmission), which in 1972 was integrated into the still existing Berlin Missionary Endowment (German: Berliner Missionswerk). It is also assumed that Missionaries were provided with copies of their own images to use as “visiting cards” in the country where they did service. Many photos are submitted by heritage enthusiasts across the country. HMG missionaries in India were interned and repatriated and the assets of the South African mission were appropriated, and the missionaries interned. Missionary settlement in Southern Africa 1800-1925. Can anyone tell me where this building in East London is? If there is no additional booking confirmation, the traveler may be denied entry by the German Federal Police. 1953) and the Presbyterian Church in Taiwan and co-operates with the United Church of Christ in Japan and the Church of Christ in China. Does anyone have material on the Holpan Diamond Diggings? Disclaimer: Any views expressed by individuals and organisations are their own and do not in any way represent the views of The Heritage Portal. The themes of his drawings vary from South African landscapes to six drawings of places in the Middle East. The Berlin Missionary Society (BMS) or Society for the Advancement of evangelistic Missions amongst the Heathen (German: Berliner Missionsgesellschaft or Gesellschaft zur Beförderung der evangelischen Missionen unter den Heiden) was a German Protestant (Lutheran) Christian missionary society that was constituted on 29 February 1824 by a group of pious laymen from the Prussian nobility. He arrived in South Africa during 1895. [Linda Chisholm] Home. As successor to Johann Christian Wallmann, Wangemann was appointed director of the Berlin Mission Society during 1865. A collection of 106 drawings by Wangemann, originating from these journeys, was acquired by a South African museum in 1954. He got married to Auguste Marie Sandrock in South Africa on 12 October 1898, but she passed away during July 1914 whereafter he remarried Luise Henriette Brune during 1916. South Africa Johannesburg Mission South Africa Mission 1970-1974 Swedish Mission 1905 Peter Matson extant Organized from Scandinavian Mission Sweden Stockholm Mission Sweden Mission 1970-1974 French Mission 1912 Edgar B. Brossard 1914 Tongan Mission 1916 Willard L. Smith extant Organized from Samoan Mission Tonga Nuku'alofa Mission In later years, this was to become the largest Mission Society in the whole of Germany. However, from 1962 it began granting independence to its mission churches which, in time, became amalgamated with other Lutheran mission churches in the region and formed the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa. He wrote a system of regulations addressing fundamental questions of missionary work, the 1881 Missionsordnung der Gesellschaft zur Beförderung der Evangelischen Missionen unter den Heiden zu Berlin.[4]. It was especially strong in the Boer Republics. He first married Luise Wiedermann (who passed away some 4 years after their marriage). Email: info@pretoria.diplo.de. Website: www.southafrica.diplo.de. Kuhn qualified as a missionary (he also took lessons as a violinist) and, after becoming engaged to a German woman, Maria Brose, returned to Africa to the mission station Königsberg in Natal – where he married his bride in 1878. The Berlin Missionary Society was one of four German Protestant mission societies active in South Africa before 1914. Due to the slow progress, the BMS gladly accepted the invitation by the British authorities to start work in the new colony of Natal. His first wife, Caroline Wilhelmine Hauffe, whom he married during 1847, passed away in Stutterheim on 10 February 1898. He passed away in Pinetown on 30 September 1944 (Aged 75). Diplomatic representation of Germany. Missionaries with ties to Berlin had been working there with the London Missionary Society and Rhenish Missionary Society, making South Africa an obvious choice, with the initial objective being to set up a mission to the Tswana. The publication in 1904 by the British and Foreign Bible Society of this combined effort was the first complete Bible in an indigenous language. By 1900 there were more than thirty six stations and nearly 30,000 converts in the region. World War I cut off contact with Germany, but the missions continued at a reduced pace. They used some of the British Empire’s resources and then in turn the empire coerced them to use their teaching to subdue the Africans. The legacy of Christian missionaries in Africa lives up to this day. Missionaries Karl Wilhelm Posselt and Wilhelm Güldenpfennig founded the first BMS station in Natal which they named Emmaus, with further stations being established in the years that followed, including the Christianenberg and Hermannsburg Missions. In 1885 on 1 September, as a result of his enthusiastic articles in the German Catholic press, five young German women travelled to South Africa to join his missionary work. Wrote ‘Missionary Labours and Scenes in South Africa’ (1842), and translated the Catechism as well as the New Testament into the Tswana language. Memorials of Protestant Missionaries to the Chinese. In his memory, the mission station Mp'hôme (Mphome) based in Haenertsburg (Limpopo Province today), was also renamed to Kratzenstein. There were unsuccessful early attempts to evangelise the Swazi and in Sekhukhuneland. Although there is limited information available about Kratzenstein, it is known that he was a mission historian who published his works accordingly. Of particular interest to Carol are historical South African photographs. After 1945 the missionaries had to deal with the decolonisation of Africa and especially with the apartheid government. See for example, David B. BARRETT, "AD2000: 350 million Christians in Africa", in International Review of Mission, 59, Digitised by the University of Pretoria, Library Services, 2013 Between Worlds: German Missionaries and the Transition from Mission to Bantu Education in South Africa scrutinises the experience of a hitherto unexplored German mission society, probing the complexities and paradoxes of social change in education. Wangemann played a significant role in developing mission work in South Africa and later in China and Tanzania. Kropf published a much-valued Xhosa/English dictionary during 1899. Updated on 2020 Consulates and Embassies in South Africa ... We pray for both you contact directly using the consular mission for you to attend. “ Between Worlds: German Missionaries and the Transition from Mission to Bantu Education in South Africa” scrutinizes the experience of a hitherto unexplored German mission society, probing the complexities and paradoxes of social change in education. contemporary Africa in such a way that they underline a critical shift in the epicenter of Christianity from the North to the South. He passed away in Pietersburg on 15 September 1962 (Aged 94). In southern Africa most of the leaders who participated in the fight for independence were educated by missionaries or schools built by missionaries. Van der Heyden, U (1); Van Heyden, U (2). The Berlin Missionary Society was one of four German Protestant mission societies active in South Africa before 1914. Hence the Society’s missionaries were often at the forefront of publishing Bible translations, dictionaries and grammars in indigenous languages. (Extracted January 2019). He travelled before photography became the standard means of recording journeys of this nature. Between Worlds: German Missionaries and the Transition from Mission to Bantu Education in South Africa scrutinises the experience of a hitherto unexplored German mission society, probing the complexities and paradoxes of social change in education. It emerged from the German tradition of Pietism after 1815 and sent its first missionaries to South Africa in 1834. Johann Heinrich Albert Kropf - German Missionary via Carol Hardijzer. It proved unable to speak and act decisively against injustice and racial discrimination and was disbanded in 1972.[5]. In 1848 he returned to South Africa to assist in establishing a Mission Station but when the 8 th Frontier War broke out Tiyo went back to Scotland, where he was ordained in December 1856. Given his two study directions, Wangemann was not only a theologist but also a linguist. Kropf was born in Germany on 27 March 1822. The role that their wives played (for those who married), has certainly been underestimated in that very little has been captured in literature about their roles at mission stations. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press. He trained as a printer in Germany prior to arriving in South Africa during 1845. Berlin Missionaries to South Africa (www.geni.com). South Africa. All the photographs of the missionaries included in this article were taken in Berlin, Germany. Few returned to Africa and thus German … Dietrich was born in Germany on 3 February 1868. He was one of the better known of the three superintendents of the Berlin Lutheran Mission station in South Africa during the Wangemann directorship. WorldCat Home About WorldCat Help. A number of missionaries with close ties to Berlin had been working here for the London Missionary Society and the Rhenish Mission, and thus South Africa was chosen as the first mission field. It raises challenging questions about the nature of mission education legacies. In 1885 on 1 September, as a result of his enthusiastic articles in the German Catholic press, five young German women travelled to South Africa to join his missionary work. The Wangemann collection is currently curated by the Ditsong National Museum of Cultural History in Pretoria. Twice married into aristocracy, Wangemann had intimate friends in high places and was acquainted with Bismarck. Hardijzer Photographic Research Collections. southern Africa were assimilated into the nearest reformed English or Afri­ kaans communities. Other stations followed, but the continuous wars between the British and the Xhosa made missionary work very difficult. [1], Gunther Pakendorf, "A Brief History of the Berlin Mission Society in South Africa,", American Presbyterian Mission (1867). It is interesting that God chose a … Sadly, the author has no detail as to where the album originated from. Marasas was born in Germany on 30 July 1869. Look at our full list of 1 Consular Offices that may make it easier to to seek out your nearest Embassy in South Africa. See for example, David B. BARRETT, "AD2000: 350 million Christians in Africa", in International Review of Mission, 59, Digitised by the University of Pretoria, Library Services, 2013 Search. It emerged from the German tradition of Pietism after 1815 and sent its first missionaries to South Africa in 1834. In time, further stations were started in the colony. By contrast, the Moravians (Herrnhuter), who were the first German missionaries in southern Africa in 1737, sent their children to school in Germany. German South West Africa (German: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.With a total area of 835,100 km², it was one and a half times the size of the mainland German Empire in Europe at the time. After 1945 the missionaries had to deal with the decolonisation o… She passed away in Stutterheim on 26 August 1929. contemporary Africa in such a way that they underline a critical shift in the epicenter of Christianity from the North to the South. It was especially strong in the Boer Republics. Missionary settlement in Southern Africa 1800-1925. He remarried Clementine Katharina Kuhne. He not only collects anything relating to photography, but also extensively conducts research in this field. He is conducting research on South African based photographers from before 1910. Places Amalienstein, a Mission Station in the Western Cape; Anhalt-Schmidt, a Mission Station in Little Karoo; Botshebelo Township, near Middleburg; General Galleries. Recently the author acquired a Victorian Photo album which contained a number of Carte-de-Visite format photographs of Berlin Mission Society missionaries, all attached to the German Lutheran church in Berlin (dating from between 1865 and late 1870s). Please do not use these photos without permission from the copyright holder. German South West Africa, a former German colony (1884–1919) that is now the nation of Namibia, in southwestern Africa. He was married to Anna Wiedermann who passed away on 21 November 1949. Much More than a Mafia: Mavericks, Mentors, and Medical Maestros. LMS missionary arrived at the Cape in 1817; worked among the Bechuana at Kuruman Mission Station for 50 years. He remarried Augusta Maria Johl during 1902. The areas of German South West Africa (now Namibia) were formally … If you would like to post a comment and need instructions click here. Information on consular services of the Germany Embassy in Pretoria. The German mission societies in South Africa included the Berlin Mission Society (which is the focus of this article), the Hermannsburg, the Moravian and Rhinish Mission Societies. The missions also united across denominations. This mission station did not get off to a good start, mainly due to the local population, the Korannas drifting off. Upon arriving in the southern Free State, and on advice from the London Mission Society’s G.A. Ambassador: Walter Lindner - Ambassador. The first mission station was founded on the far side of the Orange River and was named Bethanien. The establishment of Emmaus near present day Bergville in 1847 thus brought the first German missionaries to Natal. Missionary settlement in Southern Africa 1800-1925. Jeppe en H.T. Let us know what is happening in your town or city. For example, a cross-denominational council of missionaries was created at a 1918 conference in Kenya. As mission director, he encouraged missionary effectiveness through tight organisation. Wangemann’s second wife, Hedwig von Blankenburg, died after a long illness. From Bethanien missionaries founded a station at Pniel on the Vaal River in 1845, which would be at the centre of South Africa’s diamond discoveries in 1869–70. The drawings have a significant cultural-historical value in that they are accompanied by extensive written travelogues. Consulate of Germany in Port Elizabeth, South Africa The EmbassyPage for Germany's consulate in Port Elizabeth has updated and verified contact details for the mission, including address, telephone number, fax number and email address, as well as information about the … They were subsequently replaced by Betshuanas. The Berlin Mission Society and its Theology: the Bapedi Mission Church and the independent Bapedi Lutheran Church. It was at Botshabelo that the missionary R.F Güstav Trümpelmann, with the invaluable assistance of his erstwhile student, Abraham Serote, translated the Bible into Sepedi (Northern Sotho). The mission station " Wangemannshöh " in German East Africa, (Tanzania), was named after him. Assemblies of God World Missions 1445 N Boonville Avenue Springfield, MO 65802 417-862-2781 Hermann Theodor Wangemann as illustrating traveller : Holy Land drawings from Egypt and Palestine, 1867, Wikipedia.org (Hermann Theodor Wangemann). He also acquired the adjacent… Office Hours: Please see official website The latter keeps well established ties with the Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea (est. Between worlds : German missionaries and the transition from mission to Bantu education in South Africa. In 1961 the BMS established a branch in West Berlin, which remained in contact with its only remaining missionary field, namely in South Africa, for the next 28 years. The 31 images contained in the album are mainly of missionaries who did duty in South Africa (12 images), East Africa (6 images) & China (3 images). At all times the BMS emphasized spiritual inwardness, and puritanical values such as morality, hard work and self-discipline. [7], Another gifted African student who had started out with violin lessons and was to follow in Kuhn’s footsteps to Ducherow and then the theological seminary in Berlin was one Jan Sekoto. Comments will load below. He married Dorothea Elizabeth Kriele who passed away on 25 May 1951. South Africa and Namibia. Missionaries saw the voyages to Africa by their governments as an opportunity for them to spread the teaching of the Christian faith. Merensky sought refuge amongst his Christian converts in the Middelburg district and founded the station at Botshabelo (“city of refuge”) – which soon became the most important station of the Berlin Society in South Africa. Kolbe at Philippolis, it was decided instead to establish a mission amongst the Korana at a spot on the Riet River, which they named Bethanien, in September 1834. Next the focus shifted to the Eastern Cape where Ludwig Döhne started the first Berlin Mission Station in this troubled area during 1836. 4) Eduard Kratzenstein (Dr.) (1823 – 1896). About the author: Carol is passionate about South African Photographica – anything and everything to do with the history of photography. The Berlin Mission started sending missionaries to South Africa in 1833. He often published his works relating to his journeys. During the Frontier War of 1846 to 1847, these stations were abandoned and the missionaries sought safety in the neighbouring British colony of Natal. German Embassy in South Africa. A second missionary field in China arose after Germany declared Shantung to be within their sphere of political and colonial influence in 1896. The Berlin missionaries in South Africa, particularly Alexander Merensky, Knothe, Trümpelmann, Schwellnus and Eiselen, contributed to the study of African languages, producing Bible translations and hymnals. Significant about each of the photographs included in this article is that they were taken more than a 130 years ago in Germany prior to the missionaries’ departure to South Africa. Click here for details on how to contribute and here to advertise in our newsletter. Sekoto’s son Gerard Sekoto, born at Botshabelo in 1913, would later emigrate to Europe, obtaining French citizenship and achieving considerable renown as an artist. It was on these travels that he recorded diary inscriptions with sketches. Kropf attributes the slow growth of the mission population to the station being destroyed twice (during 1846 and 1851), resulting in membership scattering and the mission needing to commence anew after each of these destructions. He passed away, aged 61, on 15 April 1929 at the Arkona mission station (old Transvaal) where he also lays buried today. The last area to be focused on by the BMS was the North-Eastern areas of South Africa where Merensky and Grützner established their first mission station during 1860 called Gerlachshoop. An important director was Hermann Theodor Wangemann [de], who directed the Society from 1865 until his death in 1894. The remainder of the images had no inscriptions on them, making it almost impossible to identify the missionary that was photographically captured. His first wife Elisabeth died two days after the birth of their daughter Anna, who married a Johannes Winter in later years. It was as part of this process that Africans, duly trained and sometimes salaried, were accepted into the Society as teachers, catechists and lay-preachers, the so-called Nationalhelferen or national helpers. He arrived in South Africa during 1896 and passed away in Zimbabwe on 23 January 1924 (aged almost 56). Only based in Africa on two occassions for 2 years at a time, Wangemann undertook visitation trips to the mission offices in Africa from 1866 onwards. Their work was interrupted by the Anglo Boer War, during which BMS missionary Daniel Heese was murdered by members of the Bushveldt Carbineers, an irregular regiment of the British Army. 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